Wednesday, March 12, 2014

Biografi Idina Menzel

Idina Menzel (/ɪˈdiːnə mɛnˈzɛl/; born Idina Kim Mentzel; May 30, 1971) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. She rose to prominence for her performance as Maureen Johnson in the Broadway musical Rent, a role which she reprised for the 2005 feature film adaptation. In 2004, she won the Tony Award for originating the role of Elphaba in the Broadway blockbuster Wicked. In 2014, she will be returning to Broadway in the musical If/Then. Menzel is also known for her portrayal of Shelby Corcoran, the biological mother ofLea Michele's character Rachel Berry, on the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee, and as the voice of snow queen Elsa in the Disney animated film, Frozen.
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Early life

Menzel was born in Queens, New York.[1][2] Her mother, Helene, is a therapist, and her father, Stuart Mentzel, worked as a pajama salesman.[3] She has a younger sister, Cara. Her family is Jewish;[4][5] her grandparents emigrated from Russia and elsewhere inEastern Europe. [6] Her family lived in Syosset, New York and New Jersey (East Brunswick, Somerset and Marlboro).
When Menzel was 15 years old, her parents divorced and she began working as a wedding and bar mitzvah singer, a job which she continued throughout her time at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.[7] Menzel herself, however didn't have a Bat Mitzvah after she quit Hebrew school as a girl.[8] She earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Drama at New York University prior to being cast in Jonathan Larson's rock musical Rent. She changed the spelling of her surname to Menzel to better reflect the pronunciation the Mentzel family had adopted in America.[9] She was friends with actor Adam Pascal before they worked together in Rent.[3]

Theatre career

In 1995, Menzel auditioned for Rent, which became her first professional theatre job and her Broadway debut. Rent opened off-Broadway at the New York Theatre Workshop on January 26, 1996, but it moved to Broadway's Nederlander Theatre due to its popularity. For her performance as Maureen Johnson in the original cast of the musical, Menzel received a Tony nomination as Best Featured Actress in a Musical losing to Ann Duquesnay for Bring in 'da Noise, Bring in 'da Funk. Her final performance in the musical was on July 1, 1997.
Following the success of Rent, Menzel released her first solo album entitled Still I Can't Be Still on Hollywood Records, Menzel also originated the role of Dorothy in Summer of ’42 at Goodspeed Opera House in Connecticut, starred as Sheila in the New York City Center Encores! production of Hair and appeared on Broadway as Amneris in Aida. Menzel earned a Drama Desk Award nomination for her performance as Kate in the Manhattan Theatre Club's 2000 off-Broadway production of Andrew Lippa's The Wild Party. Her other off-Broadway credits include the pre-Broadway run of Rent and The Vagina Monologues.[10]
In 2003, Menzel starred with actress and singer Kristin Chenoweth on Broadway in Wicked, a musical by Stephen Schwartz and Winnie Holzman based upon the popular 1995Gregory Maguire novel. Menzel received the 2004 Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Elphaba, the Wicked Witch of the West. During her penultimate performance of Wicked on January 8, 2005, she fell through a trap door and cracked a lower rib. The injury prevented her from performing in her final show on January 9. Menzel did, however, make a special out-of-costume appearance at that performance, performed her final song, and received a five-minute standing ovation.[11] Menzel was replaced by Elphaba standby Shoshana Bean.
Following Wicked, Menzel appeared off-Broadway in the Public Theater's production of See What I Wanna See, a Michael John LaChiusa-penned musical whose run ended in December 2005, for which she received Drama Desk Award and Drama League Award nominations. She reprised her Tony Award-winning role as Elphaba in the West Endproduction of Wicked when it opened at London's Apollo Victoria Theatre on September 7, 2006.[12] During her run, she was the highest paid female performer in the West End at $30,000 per week. Menzel finished her West End run on December 30, 2006. She was succeeded by Elphaba standby Kerry Ellis.
Menzel played the role of Florence in the 21st Anniversary concert of Chess at the Royal Albert Hall, London from May 12–13, 2008 alongside Kerry Ellis, Adam Pascal and Josh Groban.
In 2008, Menzel headlined the Powerhouse Theatre's reading of Steven Sater and Duncan Sheik's musical Nero from July 11–13, performing the role of Nero's mistress, Poppea.[13]
On February 28, 2013, it was announced that Menzel would make her return to the Broadway stage, starring as Elizabeth in the new Tom Kitt and Brian Yorkey musical If/Then. The new musical, directed by Michael Greif (whom Menzel previously worked with in the original production of Rent), had its world premiere at the National Theatre in Washington D.C., starting with previews on November 5, 2013, and an official opening on November 24, 2013. Following the out-of-town tryout, the show will move on to the Richard Rodgers Theatre on Broadway and begin previews on March 4, 2014, and then open on March 30, 2014.[14][15]

Film, television, recording and singing career

Menzel's film roles include appearances in Just a Kiss, Kissing Jessica Stein, The Tollbooth, Water, Ask the Dust, Enchanted, Frozen, and Rent, in which she and five other original cast members reprised their stage roles. As a singer, Menzel is known for her wide vocal range and her use of the 'belt' technique.
Menzel performed at the 1998 Lilith Fair summer concert festival and continues to write and perform original music. She has toured extensively and frequently performs in various venues throughout New York City. She produced and released her debut album, Still I Can't Be Still, for Hollywood Records in 1998. One single from the album, "Minuet", made theRadio & Records CHR/Pop Tracks chart at #48 in October 1998.[16]
Her second album, Here, was released independently by Zel Records in 2004. Menzel has contributed to soundtracks, including those for the film The Other Sister and the ABCtelevision dramedy Desperate Housewives. She also appears on Ray Charles's album Genius and Friends, which was released in 2005, on the track "I Will Be There." In 2007, she appeared on the Beowulf soundtrack singing the end credits song, "A Hero Comes Home". Also in 2007, Menzel's powerful singing voice led her to be asked to accompany thebaritone British X-Factor runner-up Rhydian Roberts on his debut album, duetting on the song "What If".
Her third solo album, I Stand, was released on January 29, 2008. It includes many new songs, including the lead single, "Brave", the title track "I Stand", and a song released on EP, "Gorgeous". The album debuted at #58 in the Billboard 200, making it the first solo album by Menzel to make the charts. There are five versions of this album: the original version, the special limited edition, the iTunes version, the Barnes & Noble edition, and the Borders edition. Menzel wrote many of the songs on her album.
On April 1, 2008, Menzel kicked off her 2008-2009 "I Stand Tour" in support of her new album performing 4 sold out legs. The concert at Rose Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City was filmed for the PBS series "Soundstage". Menzel was joined by special guests, superstar Josh Groban and saxophonist Ravi Coltrane.
On November 11, 2008, Menzel released "Hope," written by Paul Hampton, benefitting Stand Up to Cancer. On November 27, 2008, she performed "I Stand" on the M&M Candiesfloat as part of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.[17][18]
Menzel has a recurring guest star role in the television series Glee, playing Shelby Corcoran, the coach of the rival glee club Vocal Adrenaline. When the series first premiered,Glee fans had noted a strong physical resemblance between Menzel and Lea Michele who portrays the character Rachel Berry. According to her husband, actor Taye Diggs, Menzel expressed interest in possibly guest starring as the biological mother of Rachel.[19] The character was introduced in the April 13, 2010 episode "Hell-O", and it was revealed in the May 18, 2010 episode, "Dream On", that Shelby is, in fact, Rachel's biological mother, having answered an ad from Rachel's two gay dads looking for a 'mother' to help them have a baby. Lea Michele and Idina Menzel sing together "I Dreamed a Dream" from Les Misérables and "Poker Face" originally by Lady Gaga. Menzel returned to Glee in Season 3 episode "I Am Unicorn", her role this time as a teacher causing trouble for Rachel, Quinn, Puck, and former flame Will Schuster.[20]
On July 19, 2010, Menzel performed "Defying Gravity" and "What I Did For Love" in front of President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at A Broadway Celebration: In Performance at the White House. The concert aired on PBS October 20, 2010.[21]
In April 2010, Menzel returned to concert stage embarking on her "Barefoot at the Symphony Tour", which she was accompanied by major symphony orchestras. Her performances included collaborations with the New York Philharmonic, the Boston Pops Orchestra, and the North Carolina Symphony. In October 2011, Menzel returned to London to perform a one night only concert in the United Kingdom at the Royal Albert Hall with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra with Marvin Hamlisch conducting. Menzel's concert stop in Toronto was filmed at The Royal Conservatory of Music on November 17 and 18, 2011 for her second PBS special. She was accompanied by the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony with Marvin Hamlisch conducting and special guest Taye Diggs, Menzel's husband. Idina Menzel Live: Barefoot at the Symphony was released as a live CD and DVD and air on PBS in March 2012.[22]
Menzel announced she will continue live performances in 2012. The first date she announced was July 8, 2012 at Ravinia Festival near Chicago, Illinois.[23] She made her Carnegie Hall solo debut (originally on October 29, 2012).[24] However, due to Hurricane Sandy's impact on New York City, it was postponed until January 13, 2013.[25]
Menzel toured Australia in June 2013 with shows in South Australia, Melbourne, Brisbane and two at the famed Sydney Opera House.
Menzel voiced the character of Queen Elsa in the Disney animated film Frozen, released on November 22, 2013.[26] Frozen received near universal critical acclaim. The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 89% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 152 reviews, with an average score of 7.7/10, making it the highest rated family film in 2013. The site's consensus reads: "Beautifully animated, smartly written, and stocked with singalong songs, Frozen adds another worthy entry to the Disney canon."[27] Her performance received praise from film critics, frequently focused on her performance of "Let It Go"; one reviewer described it as a "powerhouse".[28][29][30][31][32]

Personal life

Menzel married actor Taye Diggs on January 11, 2003. They met in 1995 during the original production of Rent, in which Diggs portrayed the role of Benjamin Coffin III, the landlord.[33] They have a son, Walker Nathaniel Diggs, born on September 2, 2009.[34] In late 2013, it was reported that Menzel and Diggs had separated after 10 years of marriage.[35]

Charity

Menzel was an Honorary Chair of the Imperial Court of New York's Annual Charity Coronation Ball, Night of A Thousand Gowns on March 21, 2009. Other Honorary Chairs for the evening's charity event included Elton John, Patti LuPone, John Cameron Mitchell, Joan Rivers and Robin Strasser.[36]
On May 17, 2009, Menzel performed at a special benefit concert in Atlanta, Georgia to raise money for the Pace Academy Diversity Program in coordination with the Ron ClarkAcademy.[37] The event resulted in the funding of two scholarships for Ron Clark Academy students to attend Pace Academy. The event was organized and hosted by Philip McAdoo, a former Rent cast member and current Diversity Program Director at Pace Academy.[38][39]
In 2010, Menzel founded the A BroaderWay Foundation with husband Taye Diggs as a means of supporting young people in the arts. A BroaderWay sponsors camp programs, theater workshops, innovative educational programming and offers scholarships and opportunities to experience professional performances. In Summer 2011, Camp BroaderWay welcomed young girls from under-served metro New York communities to a 10-day performing arts camp, run by Menzel and a team of acclaimed professional Broadway artists including Taye Diggs. During this camp the girls collaborated with Broadway artists to write an original musical that was performed at a theatre in New York. The camp was held atBelvoir Terrace Summer Camp in Lenox, Massachusetts.[40]
Menzel has long-championed LGBT rights by partnering with organizations like The Trevor Project,[41] the Give A Damn Campaign (filming a public service announcement[42] and designing a T-shirt[43]) and the NOH8 Campaign, posing for one of their trademark duct taped silence photos.[44]

Theatre, film and television credits




Menzel on May 25, 2008
Background information
Birth nameIdina Kim Mentzel
BornMay 30, 1971 (age 42)
Queens, New York, United States
GenresBroadway, pop, vocal
OccupationsSinger, actress, songwriter
Years active1995—present
LabelsHollywood (1998–1999)
Warner Bros. (2007–2010)
Walkman Records (2012— )
Websiteidinamenzel.com
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Biografi Chairil Anwar

Chairil Anwar (lahir di Medan, Sumatera Utara, 26 Juli 1922 – meninggal di Jakarta, 28 April 1949 pada umur 26 tahun), dijuluki sebagai "Si Binatang Jalang" (dari karyanya yang berjudul Aku), adalah penyair terkemuka Indonesia. Ia diperkirakan telah menulis 96 karya, termasuk 70 puisi. Bersama Asrul Sani dan Rivai Apin, ia dinobatkan oleh H.B. Jassin sebagai pelopor Angkatan '45sekaligus puisi modern Indonesia.
Chairil lahir dan dibesarkan di Medan, sebelum pindah ke Batavia (sekarang Jakarta) dengan ibunya pada tahun 1940, dimana ia mulai menggeluti dunia sastra. Setelah mempublikasikan puisi pertamanya pada tahun 1942, Chairil terus menulis. Pusinya menyangkut berbagai tema, mulai dari pemberontakan, kematian, individualisme, dan eksistensialisme, hingga tak jarang multi-interpretasi.

Kehidupan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Chairil Anwar dilahirkan di Medan, Sumatera Utara pada 26 Juli 1922. Ia merupakan anak satu-satunya dari pasangan Toeloes dan Saleha, keduanya berasal dari kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat. Jabatan terakhir ayahnya adalah sebagai bupatiInderagiri, Riau. Ia masih punya pertalian keluarga dengan Soetan Sjahrir, Perdana Menteri pertama Indonesia.[1] Sebagai anak tunggal, orang tuanya selalu memanjakannya.[2] Namun, Chairil cenderung bersikap keras kepala dan tidak ingin kehilangan apa pun; sedikit cerminan dari kepribadian orang tuanya.
Chairil Anwar mulai mengenyam pendidikan di Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (HIS), sekolah dasar untuk orang-orang pribumi pada masa penjajahan Belanda. Ia kemudian meneruskan pendidikannya di Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO). Saat usianya mencapai 18 tahun, ia tidak lagi bersekolah.[3] Chairil mengatakan bahwa sejak usia 15 tahun, ia telah bertekad menjadi seorang seniman.[4]
Pada usia 19 tahun, setelah perceraian orang tuanya, Chairil bersama ibunya pindah ke Batavia (sekarang Jakarta) dimana ia berkenalan dengan dunia sastra; walau telah bercerai, ayahnya tetap menafkahinya dan ibunya.[5] Meskipun tidak dapat menyelesaikan sekolahnya, ia dapat menguasai berbagai bahasa asing seperti Inggris, Belanda, dan Jerman.[6] Ia juga mengisi jam-jamnya dengan membaca karya-karya pengarang internasional ternama, seperti: Rainer Maria Rilke, W.H. Auden, Archibald MacLeish,Hendrik Marsman, J. Slaurhoff, dan Edgar du Perron. Penulis-penulis tersebut sangat memengaruhi tulisannya dan secara tidak langsung terhadap tatanan kesusasteraan Indonesia.

Penyair[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Chairil mulai terkenal dalam dunia sastra setelah pemuatan tulisannya di Majalah Nisan pada tahun 1942, saat itu ia baru berusia 20 tahun.[6] Hampir semua puisi-puisi yang ia tulis merujuk pada kematian.[6] Namun saat pertama kali mengirimkan puisi-puisinya di majalah Pandji Pustaka untuk dimuat, banyak yang ditolak karena dianggap terlalu individualistis dan tidak sesuai dengan semangat Kawasan Kemakmuran Bersama Asia Timur Raya. Ketika menjadi penyiar radio Jepang di Jakarta, Chairil jatuh cinta pada Sri Ayati tetapi hingga akhir hayatnya Chairil tidak memiliki keberanian untuk mengungkapkannya. Puisi-puisinya beredar di atas kertas murah selama masa pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia dan tidak diterbitkan hingga tahun 1945.[6][7] Kemudian ia memutuskan untuk menikah dengan Hapsah Wiraredja pada 6 Agustus 1946. Mereka dikaruniai seorang putri bernama Evawani Alissa, namun bercerai pada akhir tahun 1948.
Makam Chairil di TPU Karet Bivak
Vitalitas puitis Chairil tidak pernah diimbangi kondisi fisiknya. Sebelum menginjak usia 27 tahun, sejumlah penyakit telah menimpanya. Chairil meninggal dalam usia muda di Rumah Sakit CBZ (sekarang Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo), Jakarta pada tanggal 28 April1949; penyebab kematiannya tidak diketahui pasti, menurut dugaan lebih karena penyakit TBC. Ia dimakamkan sehari kemudian di Taman Pemakaman Umum Karet Bivak, Jakarta.[8] Makamnya diziarahi oleh ribuan pengagumnya dari masa ke masa. Hari meninggalnya juga selalu diperingati sebagai Hari Chairil Anwar. Kritikus sastra Indonesia asal Belanda, A. Teeuw menyebutkan bahwa "Chairil telah menyadari akan mati muda, seperti tema menyarah yang terdapat dalam puisi berjudul Jang Terampas Dan Jang Putus".[3]
Selama hidupnya, Chairil telah menulis sekitar 94 karya, termasuk 70 puisi; kebanyakan tidak dipublikasikan hingga kematiannya. Puisi terakhir Chairil berjudul Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh, ditulis pada tahun 1949,[4] sedangkan karyanya yang paling terkenal berjudul Akudan Krawang Bekasi.[5] Semua tulisannya baik yang asli, modifikasi, atau yang diduga diciplak, dikompilasi dalam tiga buku yang diterbitkan oleh Pustaka Rakyat. Kompilasi pertama berjudul Deru Campur Debu (1949), kemudian disusul oleh Kerikil Tajam Yang Terampas dan Yang Putus (1949), dan Tiga Menguak Takdir (1950, kumpulan puisi dengan Asrul Sani dan Rivai Apin).

Karya tulis yang diterbitkan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Sampul Buku "Deru Campur Debu"

Terjemahan ke bahasa asing[sunting | sunting sumber]

Karya-karya Chairil juga banyak diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa asing, antara lain bahasa Inggris, Jerman, bahasa Rusia dan Spanyol. Terjemahan karya-karyanya di antaranya adalah:
  • "Sharp gravel, Indonesian poems", oleh Donna M. Dickinson (Berkeley, California, 1960)
  • "Cuatro poemas indonesios [por] Amir Hamzah, Chairil Anwar, Walujati" (Madrid: Palma de Mallorca, 1962)
  • Chairil Anwar: Selected Poems oleh Burton Raffel dan Nurdin Salam (New York, New Directions, 1963)
  • "Only Dust: Three Modern Indonesian Poets", oleh Ulli Beier (Port Moresby [New Guinea]: Papua Pocket Poets, 1969)
  • The Complete Poetry and Prose of Chairil Anwar, disunting dan diterjemahkan oleh Burton Raffel (Albany, State University of New York Press, 1970)
  • The Complete Poems of Chairil Anwar, disunting dan diterjemahkan oleh Liaw Yock Fang, dengan bantuan H. B. Jassin (Singapore: University Education Press, 1974)
  • Feuer und Asche: sämtliche Gedichte, Indonesisch/Deutsch oleh Walter Karwath (Wina: Octopus Verlag, 1978)
  • The Voice of the Night: Complete Poetry and Prose of Chairil Anwar, oleh Burton Raffel (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University, Center for International Studies, 1993)
  • Dalam Kumpulan "Poeti Indonezii" (Penyair-Penyair Indonesia). Terjemahan oleh S. Semovolos. Moscow: Inostrannaya Literatura, 1959, № 4, hlm. 3-5; 1960, № 2, hlm. 39-42.
  • Dalam Kumpulan "Golosa Tryoh Tisyach Ostrovov" (Suara Tiga Ribu Pulau). Terjemahan oleh Sergei Severtsev. Moscow, 1963, hlm. 19-38.
  • Dalam kumpulan "Pokoryat Vishinu" (Bertakhta di Atasnya). Puisi penyair Malaysia dan Indonesia dalam terjemahan Victor Pogadaev. Moscow: Klyuch-C, 2009, hlm. 87-89.

Karya-karya tentang Chairil Anwar[sunting | sunting sumber]

  • Chairil Anwar: memperingati hari 28 April 1949, diselenggarakan oleh Bagian Kesenian Djawatan Kebudajaan, Kementerian Pendidikan, Pengadjaran dan Kebudajaan (Djakarta, 1953)
  • Boen S. Oemarjati, "Chairil Anwar: The Poet and his Language" (Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1972).
  • Abdul Kadir Bakar, "Sekelumit pembicaraan tentang penyair Chairil Anwar" (Ujung Pandang: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengembangan Ilmu-Ilmu Sastra, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Hasanuddin, 1974)
  • S.U.S. Nababan, "A Linguistic Analysis of the Poetry of Amir Hamzah and Chairil Anwar" (New York, 1976)
  • Arief Budiman, "Chairil Anwar: Sebuah Pertemuan" (Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 1976)
  • Robin Anne Ross, Some Prominent Themes in the Poetry of Chairil Anwar, Auckland, 1976
  • H.B. Jassin, "Chairil Anwar, pelopor Angkatan '45, disertai kumpulan hasil tulisannya", (Jakarta: Gunung Agung, 1983)
  • Husain Junus, "Gaya bahasa Chairil Anwar" (Manado: Universitas Sam Ratulangi, 1984)
  • Rachmat Djoko Pradopo, "Bahasa puisi penyair utama sastra Indonesia modern" (Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1985)
  • Sjumandjaya, "Aku: berdasarkan perjalanan hidup dan karya penyair Chairil Anwar (Jakarta: Grafitipers, 1987)
  • Pamusuk Eneste, "Mengenal Chairil Anwar" (Jakarta: Obor, 1995)
  • Zaenal Hakim, "Edisi kritis puisi Chairil Anwar" (Jakarta: Dian Rakyat, 1996)
  • Drama Pengadilan Sastra Chairil Anwar karya Eko Tunas, sutradara Joshua Igho, di Gedung Kesenian Kota Tegal (2006).

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ "Artikel tentang Chairil Anwar". Awalnya dimuat di Suara Merdeka.
  2. ^ Budiman, Arief (2007). Chairil Anwar: Sebuah Pertemuan. Tegal: Wacana Bangsa.ISBN 978-979-23-9918-9.
  3. ^ a b Teeuw, A. (1980). Sastra Baru Indonesia 1. Ende: Nusa Indah.OCLC 222168801.
  4. ^ a b Balfas, Muhammad (1976). "Modern Indonesian Literature in Brief". In Brakel, L. F. Handbuch der Orientalistik 1. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-04331-2.
  5. ^ a b Djamin, Nasjah; LaJoubert, Monique (1972). "Les Derniers Moments de Chairil Anwar" 
  6. [Saat-saat Terakhir Chairil Anwar]. Achipel (dalam bahasa Perancis) 4 (4): 49–73. doi:10.3406/arch.1972.1012. Diakses 30 September 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d Yampolsky, Tinuk. "Chairil Anwar: Poet of a Generation" (dalam bahasa Inggris).
  8. ^ Departemen Penerangan Republik Indonesia (1953) hal.183.
  9. ^ Yampolsky, Tinuk (15 April 2002). "Chairil Anwar: Poet of a Generation". SEAsite. Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University. Diakses 30 September 2011.

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